Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
On this page you can get a detailed analysis of a word or phrase, produced by the best artificial intelligence technology to date:
- how the word is used
- frequency of use
- it is used more often in oral or written speech
- word translation options
- usage examples (several phrases with translation)
- etymology
What (who) is J R Salamanca - definition
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 01.jpg?width=200 "Salamanca District Hall.")
 05.jpg?width=200 "''Arab House''")
 01.jpg?width=200 "Calle de Alcalá (street)")
![[[Paseo de la Castellana]] (avenue)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paseo de la Castellana (Madrid) 44.jpg?width=200 "[[Paseo de la Castellana]] (avenue)")
![Las Ventas Bullring]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas (Madrid) 02.jpg?width=200 "Las Ventas Bullring]]")
 02.jpg?width=200 "1903 house-palace")
![[[Juan March Foundation]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fundación Juan March (Madrid) 01.jpg?width=200 "[[Juan March Foundation]]")
Wikipedia
Ralph-Johan Back is a Finnish computer scientist. Back originated the refinement calculus, an important approach to the formal development of programs using stepwise refinement, in his 1978 PhD thesis at the University of Helsinki, On the Correctness of Refinement Steps in Program Development. He has undertaken much subsequent research in this area. He has held positions at CWI Amsterdam, the Academy of Finland and the University of Tampere.
Since 1983, he has been Professor of Computer Science at the Åbo Akademi University in Turku. For 2002–2007, he was an Academy Professor at the Academy of Finland. He is Director of CREST (Center for Reliable Software Technology) at Åbo Akademi.
Back is a member of Academia Europaea.
